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“Once development was ended, the fonts of growth and regeneration of the axons and dendrites dried up irrevocably. In the adult centres, the nerve paths are something fixed, and immutable: everything may die, nothing may be regenerated.”     Santiago Ramon y Cajal, 1928

This model put forward by Nobel prize winning neuroscientist Ramon y Cajal was the scientific consensus held, that is to say that the concept of new neurons being born after brain development did not happen, the brain does not regenerate, rather, neurons go into apoptosis throughout life and are not replaced. That was of course until the techniques evolved to prove otherwise.

The possibility of neurogenesis, the concept whereby the brain does indeed regenerate neurons, that new neurons are born throughout life facilitating neuroplasticity, was proposed over 30 years after Ramon y Cajal’s influential statement, by Joseph Altman.

Neurogenesis is the process of creating new nerve cells in the brain throughout life. Researchers are a step closer in understanding why. ‘Carbon-dating’ of the human brain after nuclear bomb testing provides answers for neuroscientists investigating the brain’s ability to generate new brain cells in the hippocampus, the learning and memory area of the brain.

It was once thought that the human brain did not create neurons (brain nerve cells) and that the 100 billion neurons at infancy were our allocation for life. This theory has now been disproven and studies have shown that indeed, humans generate new neurons, a process called neurogenesis. It appears to be specific to two areas of the brain – one of which is located in the hippocampus (a very ancient part of the brain, so called as its shape resembles a sea-horse). The hippocampus is important in learning and memory.